Damage caused on Saturday so far appears less than in , the reasons for which are being studied. While the earthquake struck in Leogane, just outside of Haiti's capital, Saturday's quake hit further from Port-au-Prince, in the Nippes department of southwestern Haiti. Preliminary work suggests the quake's further distance from the capital and the mountainous, sparsely inhabited location of the epicenter - where a quake starts on the Earth's surface - could have had an impact, he added.
However, the fault system was probably behind three other major earthquakes, occurring in , , and respectively, the USGS says, adding that the first two quakes destroyed Port-au-Prince.
Other quakes are likely to happen in the future. While Barnhart says just Japan, Mexico, and U. Documentation of an event in the past depended on the population and political trends of the island. The availability of historical documents is further limited by the digitization schedule, and copyright laws of each archive.
Key words were used to search for publications that contain eyewitness accounts of various large earthquakes. Finally, this catalog provides descriptions of damage to buildings used in previous studies for the estimation of moment intensity MI and location of significantly damaging or felt earthquakes in Hispaniola and in the northeastern Caribbean, all of which have been described in other studies.
Reported damages from the Haiti earthquake and other digitally-recorded earthquakes were used to derive regional seismic attenuation relationships for Hispaniola and for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The attenuation relationship for Hispaniola earthquakes and northern Lesser Antilles earthquakes is similar to that for California earthquakes, indicating a relatively rapid attenuation of damage intensity with distance.
Intensities in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands decrease less rapidly with distance. The intensity assignments and the attenuation relation are then used in a grid search to find source locations and magnitudes for historical earthquakes from to the early 20th century.
We describe a sequence of devastating earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system in the eighteenth century. An intensity magnitude MI 6. A series of large earthquakes migrating from east to west started with the 18 October MI 7. The Haiti earthquake may mark the beginning of a new cycle of large earthquakes on the Enriquillo fault system after years of seismic quiescence. The entire Enriquillo fault system appears to be seismically active; Haiti and the Dominican Republic should prepare for future devastating earthquakes.
We speculate that the December 2, MI 7. The recurrence interval of large earthquakes along the Hispaniola subduction segment is likely longer than the historical record. Large earthquakes including a M 8. This is because the recurrence rate of large earthquakes along this segment is probably longer than the time period between the arrival of Columbus and the 20th century.
The May 2, earthquake, previously assigned an M 8—8. An MI 6. Map of the island of Hispaniola that include the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The arrow at the top right corner shows the direction of the North American plate motion relative to the Caribbean plate.
The intensity centers of historical events on or near the Enriquillo fault are shown as orange stars. That's because satellite interferogram imagery showed the quake ruptured only one segment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault-line system, leaving considerable stress on adjacent segments the Enriquillo fault line extends west to Jamaica.
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Thank you. That fault had not fractured since the 18th century, so Amelung and his UM team predicted another section would break relatively soon. The Plantain Garden fault shows as a straight, sharp cut in the mountains. Elevations in this computer-generated image are exaggerated by a factor of two. The U. Geological Survey says the fault probably caused a major earthquake in Jamaica in , and written descriptions suggest it caused powerful quakes in , , , , , , and But in recent decades the two sides of the fault line had been locked in place as they ground against each other and stresses built up in the ground.
Without those small quakes as a reminder of the greater threat, people in the area put up cheap buildings, made from cinderblock and tin.
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