There are currently no foods or beverages to avoid before taking a PSA test. While some foods might be linked to prostate conditions, no scientific evidence links the consumption of one food to elevated PSA levels. There is no need to avoid certain foods, coffee or alcohol before taking a PSA test. While physical activity in general might help maintain a normal prostate, avoid heavy exercise directly before your PSA.
Avoid exercise for a few days before your PSA test. Even bicycling, riding motorcycles or ATVs, or riding horses have been shown to elevate PSA slightly for a short period of time.. You should abstain from sexual activity - anything that includes ejaculation - for at least 48 hours before the test. A recent ejaculation might cause a slight rise in PSA levels. The following supplements or medications may have an affect on your PSA levels and should be discussed with your doctor.
They may raise or lower your PSA and might not create a reliable test result:. Alcohol and caffeinated drinks are not established risk factors for prostate cancer and will not affect PSA levels. However, it is understood that heavy alcohol drinking could cause a small risk of more aggressive forms of prostate cancer. The bottom line here is that alcohol, caffeine and smoking do not cause false-positive elevations of PSA levels.
Please also consult a physician before taking a PSA test if you have recently suffered a pelvic injury or have had prostate or urinary tract surgery.
Your PSA test results are delivered to a secure patient portal and are easy to download for your next doctor appointment. Your results will give you a detailed look at your total PSA biomarker. Not only will the results give you a numerical value, but also a qualitative look into your data, taking into account any provided risk factors.
This could detect any unusual increase in your PSA level that might be a sign of prostate cancer. The PSA test can miss prostate cancer. For example, one major study showed that 1 in 7 men 15 per cent with a normal PSA level may have prostate cancer, and 1 in 50 men two per cent with a normal PSA level may have a fast-growing cancer. If your PSA level is raised you may need a biopsy. This can cause side effects, such as pain, infection and bleeding. But in most hospitals, men now have an MRI scan first, and only have a biopsy if the scan finds anything unusual.
Being diagnosed with a slow-growing prostate cancer that is unlikely to cause any problems or shorten your life may still make you worry, and may lead you to have treatment that you don't need.
But most men with low-risk, localised prostate cancer now have their cancer carefully monitored instead, and only have treatment if the cancer starts to grow. Should I have a PSA test? Am I at increased risk of prostate cancer?
If my PSA level was normal, would this reassure me? What would happen if my PSA level was higher than expected? Would my local hospital do an MRI scan before deciding whether to do a biopsy?
If I was diagnosed with slow-growing prostate cancer that might never cause any problems, would I still want to have treatment, even though it could cause side effects? Or would I be comfortable having my cancer monitored instead? Worried about going to the GP? He told me the decision was mine and suggested I think it over, talk to my partner, and come back if I wanted one.
If they still say no, try speaking to another GP or practice nurse. If they also say no, speak to the practice manager at your GP surgery. Your GP surgery should have information about its complaints procedure. You can follow this procedure, or write to the GP or practice manager explaining your complaint.
The NHS website has more information. In Scotland : you can complain to your local health board. The Patient Advice and Support Service can provide information, advice and support. Get more information from NHS Inform. In Wales : you can complain to your local health board.
Your local Community Health Council can help with this. Health in Wales has more information. The Patient and Client Council can provide advice and support. Get more information from nidirect. What is a baseline PSA test? There is currently no screening programme for prostate cancer in the UK. List of references. Urol Clin North Am. The Lancet. January Obesity and Prostate Cancer: Weighing the Evidence.
Eur Urol. Clin Cancer Res. Prostatitis and its Management. Eur Urol Suppl. Published Accessed January 4, Board of Community Health Councils. NHS Complaints procedure - how we can help. Accessed July 29, Cancer Research UK. Cancer incidence for common cancers Accessed December 12, Prostate cancer incidence statistics: by age Prostate cancer incidence statistics: Lifetime risk of prostate cancer Accessed July 6, Cao Y, Ma J.
Cancer Prev Res Phila Pa. Some of the tests that might be done include:. For some men, getting a prostate biopsy might be the best option, especially if the initial PSA level is high.
A biopsy is a procedure in which small samples of the prostate are removed and then looked at under a microscope. Atypical small acinar proliferation ASAP : This might also be called glandular atypia or atypical glandular proliferation.
Proliferative inflammatory atrophy PIA : In PIA, the prostate cells look smaller than normal, and there are signs of inflammation in the area. For more information about how prostate biopsy results are reported, see the Prostate Pathology section of our website. Some doctors now recommend that some men with prostate cancer be tested to look for certain inherited gene changes.
This includes men in whom a family cancer syndrome such as a BRCA gene mutation or Lynch syndrome is suspected, as well as men with prostate cancer that has certain high-risk features or that has spread to other parts of the body. Talk to your doctor about the possible pros, cons, and limitations of such testing. Imaging tests use x-rays, magnetic fields, sound waves, or radioactive substances to create pictures of the inside of your body.
One or more imaging tests might be used:. Which tests you might need will depend on the situation. If you are found to have prostate cancer, you might need imaging tests of other parts of your body to look for possible cancer spread.
Men with a normal DRE result, a low PSA, and a low Gleason score may not need any other tests because the chance that the cancer has spread is so low. For this test, a small probe about the width of a finger is lubricated and placed in your rectum.
The probe gives off sound waves that enter the prostate and create echoes. The probe picks up the echoes, and a computer turns them into a black and white image of the prostate.
You will feel some pressure when the probe is inserted, but it is usually not painful. The area may be numbed before the procedure. Newer forms of TRUS, such as color Doppler ultrasound, might be even more helpful in some situations. MRI scans create detailed images of soft tissues in the body using radio waves and strong magnets. MRI scans can give doctors a very clear picture of the prostate and nearby areas. A contrast material called gadolinium may be injected into a vein before the scan to better see details.
To improve the accuracy of the MRI, you might have a probe, called an endorectal coil , placed inside your rectum for the scan. This can be uncomfortable for some men. If needed, you can be given medicine to make you feel sleepy sedation. Multiparametric MRI: This newer MRI technique can be used to help better define possible areas of cancer in the prostate, as well as to get an idea of how quickly a cancer might grow.
It can also help show if the cancer has grown outside the prostate or spread to other parts of the body.
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